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The 15 biggest information breaches of the 21st century
Data breaches affecting millions of users are far too mutual. Here are some of the biggest, baddest breaches in recent memory.
In today'south data-driven world, information breaches can affect hundreds of millions or even billions of people at a time. Digital transformation has increased the supply of data moving, and data breaches have scaled up with information technology as attackers exploit the information-dependencies of daily life. How large cyberattacks of the future might become remains speculation, but as this list of the biggest data breaches of the 21st Century indicates, they accept already reached enormous magnitudes.
For transparency, this list has been calculated past the number of users impacted, records exposed, or accounts affected. Nosotros have too made a stardom between incidents where data was actively stolen or reposted maliciously and those where an system has inadvertently left data unprotected and exposed, but there has been no significant evidence of misuse. The latter have purposefully non been included in the list.
So, here it is – an upwards-to-engagement list of the 15 biggest data breaches in recent history, including details of those afflicted, who was responsible, and how the companies responded (as of July 2021).
1. Yahoo
Date: Baronial 2013
Impact: 3 billion accounts
Securing the number ane spot – most seven years after the initial breach and four since the true number of records exposed was revealed – is the attack on Yahoo. The company first publicly announced the incident – which it said took place in 2013 – in December 2016. At the time, it was in the process of being acquired past Verizon and estimated that account information of more than than a billion of its customers had been accessed by a hacking group. Less than a twelvemonth later, Yahoo announced that the bodily figure of user accounts exposed was iii billion. Yahoo stated that the revised estimate did not correspond a new "security issue" and that it was sending emails to all the "additional affected user accounts."
Despite the attack, the deal with Verizon was completed, albeit at a reduced price. Verizon's CISO Chandra McMahon said at the time: "Verizon is committed to the highest standards of accountability and transparency, and we proactively piece of work to ensure the safety and security of our users and networks in an evolving landscape of online threats. Our investment in Yahoo is allowing that team to continue to take meaning steps to raise their security, besides as benefit from Verizon's experience and resources." After investigation, information technology was discovered that, while the attackers accessed account data such equally security questions and answers, plaintext passwords, payment card and bank information were not stolen.
2. Alibaba
Date: November 2019
Impact: one.one billion pieces of user data
Over an viii-month period, a developer working for an affiliate marketer scraped customer data, including usernames and mobile numbers, from the Alibaba Chinese shopping website, Taobao, using crawler software that he created. It appears the developer and his employer were collecting the information for their own use and did non sell it on the black market, although both were sentenced to three years in prison.
A Taobao spokesperson said in a statement: "Taobao devotes substantial resources to combat unauthorized scraping on our platform, as data privacy and security is of utmost importance. We have proactively discovered and addressed this unauthorized scraping. We will continue to piece of work with police force enforcement to defend and protect the interests of our users and partners."
3. LinkedIn
Date: June 2021
Impact: 700 million users
Professional person networking giant LinkedIn saw data associated with 700 meg of its users posted on a dark web forum in June 2021, impacting more than 90% of its user base of operations. A hacker going past the moniker of "God User" used data scraping techniques by exploiting the site's (and others') API before dumping a first data information gear up of effectually 500 million customers. They and then followed upwards with a boast that they were selling the full 700 million customer database. While LinkedIn argued that as no sensitive, private personal data was exposed, the incident was a violation of its terms of service rather than a data alienation, a scraped data sample posted by God User contained information including email addresses, phone numbers, geolocation records, genders and other social media details, which would give malicious actors plenty of data to craft convincing, follow-on social engineering attacks in the wake of the leak, as warned by the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland'south NCSC.
4. Sina Weibo
Date: March 2020
Bear on: 538 million accounts
With over 600 million users, Sina Weibo is 1 of Mainland china's largest social media platforms. In March 2020, the company announced that an attacker obtained part of its database, impacting 538 million Weibo users and their personal details including real names, site usernames, gender, location, and phone numbers. The assaulter is reported to have then sold the database on the dark web for $250.
Red china's Ministry of Manufacture and Information technology (MIIT) ordered Weibo to enhance its data security measures to better protect personal data and to notify users and government when data security incidents occur. In a statement, Sina Weibo argued that an attacker had gathered publicly posted information by using a service meant to help users locate the Weibo accounts of friends by inputting their phone numbers and that no passwords were affected. Withal, information technology admitted that the exposed data could be used to associate accounts to passwords if passwords are reused on other accounts. The company said information technology strengthened its security strategy and reported the details to the appropriate authority.
v. Facebook
Date: Apr 2019
Touch on: 533 million users
In Apr 2019, information technology was revealed that 2 datasets from Facebook apps had been exposed to the public internet. The information related to more than 530 1000000 Facebook users and included telephone numbers, account names, and Facebook IDs. Still, two years later (April 2021) the data was posted for free, indicating new and real criminal intent surrounding the data. In fact, given the sheer number of phone numbers impacted and readily available on the dark web every bit a result of the incident, security researcher Troy Hunt added functionality to his HaveIBeenPwned (HIBP) breached credential checking site that would allow users to verify if their phone numbers had been included in the exposed dataset.
"I'd never planned to brand phone numbers searchable," Hunt wrote in blog post. "My position on this was that information technology didn't make sense for a bunch of reasons. The Facebook information inverse all that. There's over 500 million phone numbers just merely a few million email addresses so >99% of people were getting a miss when they should have gotten a hit."
6. Marriott International (Starwood)
Appointment: September 2018
Impact: 500 million customers
Hotel Marriot International announced the exposure of sensitive details belonging to half a one thousand thousand Starwood guests following an attack on its systems in September 2018. In a statement published in November the same yr, the hotel giant said: "On September 8, 2018, Marriott received an alarm from an internal security tool regarding an effort to access the Starwood guest reservation database. Marriott quickly engaged leading security experts to help determine what occurred."
Marriott learned during the investigation that there had been unauthorized access to the Starwood network since 2014. "Marriott recently discovered that an unauthorized party had copied and encrypted information and took steps towards removing it. On November nineteen, 2018, Marriott was able to decrypt the information and determined that the contents were from the Starwood guest reservation database," the statement added.
The data copied included guests' names, mailing addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, passport numbers, Starwood Preferred Guest business relationship information, dates of nascency, gender, arrival and departure information, reservation dates, and communication preferences. For some, the data also included payment card numbers and expiration dates, though these were manifestly encrypted.
Marriot carried out an investigation assisted by security experts following the alienation and appear plans to phase out Starwood systems and accelerate security enhancements to its network. The company was somewhen fined £18.four 1000000 (reduced from £99 meg) past UK data governing body the Information Commissioner'south Office (ICO) in 2020 for failing to go along customers' personal data secure. An commodity by New York Times attributed the set on to a Chinese intelligence group seeking to gather data on US citizens.
vii. Yahoo
Engagement: 2014
Impact: 500 million accounts
Making its 2nd appearance in this listing is Yahoo, which suffered an assault in 2014 separate to the i in 2013 cited above. On this occasion, state-sponsored actors stole data from 500 million accounts including names, electronic mail addresses, phone numbers, hashed passwords, and dates of nascence. The company took initial remedial steps dorsum in 2014, but it wasn't until 2016 that Yahoo went public with the details after a stolen database went on sale on the black market.
8. Adult Friend Finder
Date: October 2016
Touch: 412.2 million accounts
The adult-oriented social networking service The FriendFinder Network had twenty years' worth of user data beyond six databases stolen past cyber-thieves in October 2016. Given the sensitive nature of the services offered past the company – which include coincidental hookup and adult content websites like Adult Friend Finder, Penthouse.com, and Stripshow.com – the breach of data from more than 414 one thousand thousand accounts including names, electronic mail addresses, and passwords had the potential to be particularly damming for victims. What'southward more, the vast bulk of the exposed passwords were hashed via the notoriously weak algorithm SHA-1, with an estimated 99% of them croaky by the time LeakedSource.com published its assay of the information ready on November 14, 2016.
9. MySpace
Date: 2013
Bear on: 360 one thousand thousand user accounts
Though it had long stopped being the powerhouse that it once was, social media site MySpace hit the headlines in 2016 subsequently 360 million user accounts were leaked onto both LeakedSource.com and put up for sale on nighttime web marketplace The Existent Bargain with an request price of 6 bitcoin (around $three,000 at the time).
According to the company, lost information included email addresses, passwords and usernames for "a portion of accounts that were created prior to June 11, 2013, on the old Myspace platform. In order to protect our users, we have invalidated all user passwords for the afflicted accounts created prior to June 11, 2013, on the old Myspace platform. These users returning to Myspace will be prompted to authenticate their business relationship and to reset their password by following instructions."
It's believed that the passwords were stored every bit SHA-1 hashes of the beginning 10 characters of the password converted to lowercase.
10. NetEase
Date: October 2015
Affect: 235 million user accounts
NetEase, a provider of mailbox services through the likes of 163.com and 126.com, reportedly suffered a breach in October 2015 when email addresses and plaintext passwords relating to 235 million accounts were being sold by dark web marketplace vendor DoubleFlag. NetEase has maintained that no data breach occurred and to this day HIBP states: "Whilst there is testify that the data itself is legitimate (multiple HIBP subscribers confirmed a password they use is in the data), due to the difficulty of emphatically verifying the Chinese breach information technology has been flagged every bit "unverified."
xi. Court Ventures (Experian)
Engagement: October 2013
Bear upon: 200 million personal records
Experian subsidiary Courtroom Ventures savage victim in 2013 when a Vietnamese human tricked information technology into giving him access to a database containing 200 million personal records by posing as a private investigator from Singapore. The details of Hieu Minh Ngo's exploits just came to light post-obit his arrest for selling personal information of Us residents (including credit menu numbers and Social Security numbers) to cybercriminals beyond the world, something he had been doing since 2007. In March 2014, he pleaded guilty to multiple charges including identity fraud in the US District Courtroom for the Commune of New Hampshire. The DoJ stated at the time that Ngo had made a full of $2 meg from selling personal data.
12. LinkedIn
Date: June 2012
Impact: 165 million users
With its second appearance on this listing is LinkedIn, this fourth dimension in reference to a breach it suffered in 2012 when it announced that 6.5 million unassociated passwords (unsalted SHA-i hashes) had been stolen past attackers and posted onto a Russian hacker forum. However, it wasn't until 2016 that the full extent of the incident was revealed. The same hacker selling MySpace'southward data was found to be offering the email addresses and passwords of around 165 million LinkedIn users for just v bitcoins (around $ii,000 at the time). LinkedIn best-selling that information technology had been made aware of the breach, and said it had reset the passwords of afflicted accounts.
13. Dubsmash
Appointment: December 2018
Impact: 162 1000000 user accounts
In December 2018, New York-based video messaging service Dubsmash had 162 million email addresses, usernames, PBKDF2 countersign hashes, and other personal data such as dates of birth stolen, all of which was and so put up for sale on the Dream Market dark web market the following December. The information was being sold as part of a collected dump also including the likes of MyFitnessPal (more on that beneath), MyHeritage (92 million), ShareThis, Armor Games, and dating app CoffeeMeetsBagel.
Dubsmash acknowledged the breach and auction of data had occurred and provided advice effectually password changing. All the same, it failed to land how the attackers got in or confirm how many users were affected.
14. Adobe
Date: October 2013
Impact: 153 million user records
In early Oct 2013, Adobe reported that hackers had stolen almost three meg encrypted customer credit card records and login data for an undetermined number of user accounts. Days afterward, Adobe increased that estimate to include IDs and encrypted passwords for 38 million "agile users." Security blogger Brian Krebs then reported that a file posted just days earlier "appears to include more than 150 million username and hashed password pairs taken from Adobe." Weeks of inquiry showed that the hack had also exposed customer names, password, and debit and credit card information. An agreement in August 2015 chosen for Adobe to pay $ane.1 one thousand thousand in legal fees and an undisclosed corporeality to users to settle claims of violating the Client Records Human action and unfair business concern practices. In Nov 2016, the corporeality paid to customers was reported to be $1 meg.
15. My Fitness Pal
Date: February 2018
Impact: 150 million user accounts
In February 2018, nutrition and exercise app MyFitnessPal (owned by Under Armour) exposed around 150 1000000 unique email addresses, IP addresses and login credentials such as usernames and passwords stored as SHA-i and bcrypt hashes. The following year, the data appeared for sale on the dark spider web and more than broadly. The company acknowledged the breach and said information technology took activeness to notify users of the incident. "One time we became enlightened, nosotros quickly took steps to determine the nature and scope of the issue. Nosotros are working with leading data security firms to assist in our investigation. We have likewise notified and are coordinating with police enforcement authorities," it stated.
Copyright © 2021 IDG Communications, Inc.
Source: https://www.csoonline.com/article/2130877/the-biggest-data-breaches-of-the-21st-century.html
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